Diario de radekwalkowiak

Trebbi, G.; Negri, L.; Bosi, S.; Dinelli, G.; Cozzo, R.; Marotti, I. Evaluation of Equisetum arvense (Horsetail Macerate) as a Copper Substitute for Pathogen Management in Field-Grown Organic Tomato and Durum Wheat Cultivations. Agriculture 2021, 11, 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11010005

Maarten J M Christenhusz, Mark W Chase, Michael F Fay, Oriane Hidalgo, Ilia J Leitch, Jaume Pellicer, Juan Viruel, Biogeography and genome size evolution of the oldest extant vascular plant genus, Equisetum (Equisetaceae), Annals of Botany, 2021;, mcab005, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcab005

At present, the taxonomic interpretation by Bischler-Causse and Boisselier-Dubayle (1991) has been widely accepted (Long 1995, Paton 1999, Grolle and Long 2000). The three subspecies of M. polymorpha L. are recognized on the basis of synthesis of morphological characters, isozyme patterns and ecological preference: M. polymorpha L. subsp. polymorpha, corresponding to the plant previously known as M. aquatica; M. polymorpha L. subsp. montivagans Bischl. & Boisselier-Dubayle, corresponding to M. alpestris; and M. polymorpha L. subsp. ruderalis Bischl. & Boisselier-Dubayle, corresponding to M. polymorpha (sensu stricto). These subspecies can also be recognized genetically using RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) and RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) markers (Boisselier-Dubayle et al. 1995).

Masaki Shimamura, Marchantia polymorpha: Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Morphology of a Model System,
Plant and Cell Physiology, Volume 57, Issue 2, February 2016, Pages 230–256
https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcv192

Equisetum telmateia. Two distinct morphotypes resulting from mutations in homeotic genes have been described, showing a strong correlation with sunlight - f. serotinum and f. spiralis. F. serotinum is distinguished by the presence of the strobilus on the sterile shoot. In f. spiralis leaf sheaths, at least partially spiral around the main shoot ...

Equisetum telmateia (telmateia) the main stem is white or greenish-white and there are no stomata.
Equisetum (telmateia) braunii, the main stem is clearly green and contains stomata ...

Equisetum arvense. Fighting this weed is difficult because its roots are arranged in tiers and even broken into small pieces, take root and produce new shoots. The field horsetail is weakened by the continuous destruction of the above-ground (and underground) parts. Strong shading is effective. Its occurrence is limited by heavy fertilization with lime and potassium salts and also by deeper drainage. As for chemicals, higher doses of Glyphosate can be used ...

Subg. Equisetum: su-perficial stomates, stems branched. Subg. Hippochaete: sunken stomates, stems generally unbranched.
The high degree of morphological plasticity in the genus as well as by frequent hybridization among members within subgenus ...

Tortula muralis ssp. muralis - Peristome well developed, with spirally twisted filiform teeth; var. muralis - long hyaline hairpoint; var. aestiva - short point. Tortula muralis ssp. obtusifolia (former name Tortula obtusifolia) - Peristome mostly reduced, sometimes without filiform teeth. T. muralis obtusifolia and T. muralis muralis var. aestiva both have short hairpoints and difficult to distinguish. T. muralis muralis var. muralis are very similar to T. muralis muralis var. aestiva but have longer hairpoints. Tortula lingulata is easily distinguished from T. muralis ssp. muralis even in the field. However, for distinguishing between T. lingulata and T. muralis ssp. obtusifolia, spore size is the best character. / However, according to many specialists, this taxonomy may be misplaced and the main role may be played by an environmental factor, strongly modifying the appearance and causing erroneous data, which, not supported by long observations, are eagerly published because the paper counts, sad but often true.

Marchantia polymorpha is a 'dull green'; M. berteroana has brighter green thallus and also has transparent scales on the underside of the thallus which help distinguish it from Marchantia foliacea which has dark purple-brown scales. M. polymorpha has a dark streak in the center of the upper surface: subsp. polymorpha (continuous), subsp. ruderalis (fuzzy), but subsp. montivagans never has such a streak ...

Equisetum arvense is a live fossil and medicinal plant, but it is also a very persistent weed.
Only a small rhizome is enough and this species is already being renewed.
Herbicides are usually ineffective for this species ...