Cultivated Euphorbias
In the interest of better understanding what species might potentially "escaped" and become naturalized in the United States, it is probably worthwhile to at least try to list the exotic species that are cultivated here. The majority of the non-succulents are in the subgenus Esula and these form all the exotic species that are problematic. The other exotics are primarily succulent and are in the subgenus Euphorbia. I will not list all the plants that are too frost sensitive to be planted outdoors (at least, not at present; species with an "*" are too frost sensitive in most of the US) and will leave out almost all of the indoor succulents.
Subgenus Esula
Euphorbia amygdaloides var. amygdaloides
Euphorbia amygdaloides var. robbiae
Euphorbia characias subsp. characias
Euphorbia characias subsp. wulfenii
E. x martinii (E. amygdaloides var. robbiae x characias)
Euphorbia cornigera
Euphorbia cyparissias
Euphorbia griffithii
Euphorbia myrsinites
Euphorbia palustris
Euphorbia paralias
Euphorbia polychroma
Euphorbia rigida
Euphorbia niciciana (syn. Euphorbia seguieriana subsp. niciciana; like E. cyparissias)
Euphorbia wallichii
Potential species (less likely)
Euphorbia hyberna
Euphorbia mellifera
Euphorbia dendroides
Euphorbia atropurpurea
Euphorbia coralloides
Euphorbia dulcis
Euphorbia virgata
Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana
Subgenus Euphorbia
Euphorbia mauritanica*
Euphorbia milii*
Euphorbia polygona*
Euphorbia tirucalli*
Euphorbia trigona*
Subgenus Chamaesyce section Alectoroctonum:
Euphorbia antisyphillitica (native)
Euphorbia corollata (native)
Euphorbia fulgens*
Euphorbia graminea
Euphorbia marginata (native)
Euphorbia xanti*
Other:
Euphorbia cotinifolia*
Euphorbia cyathophora (native)
Euphorbia pulcherrima*
Euphorbia tithymaloides*
Sources:
gardenia.net
Missouri Botanical Garden
Dave's Garden
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