Genus Cardinalis (Typical Cardinals) Identification Guide
The Genus Cardinalis has 3 species, found in the Americas.
The Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis Cardinalis) is 21-23.5 centimeters (8.3-9.3 inches) and weighs 33.6-65 grams (1.19-2.29 ounces). This species has a wingspan of 25-31 centimeters (9.8-12.2 inches). The adult male is red, with a black mask, crest, and large, orange beak. The female is brown overall, with a red on the wings, crest, and tail. The young are similar to the adult female, until they molt and grow adult feathers. Various whistled song patterns, https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Northern_Cardinal/sounds. Can be found in woodlands, gardens, shrublands, and wetlands. Range map: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?locale=en-US&place_id=any&preferred_place_id=50&subview=map&taxon_id=9083, https://ebird.org/map/norcar.
The Vermilion Cardinal (Cardinalis Phoeniceus) is 19 centimeters (7.5 inches) long and weighs 22-42 grams (0.8-1.5 ounces). The Male is red, with a black chin at the base of a hefty grey bill. The female is brown with a grey head, red crest, and red tail. This species also has long feathers on the crown, which are often erect. This cardinal's song is "cheer o-weet-toweet toweet toweet", and its call is a "chip". This species can be found in semi-arid scrublands. Range map: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?verifiable=true&taxon_id=9082&preferred_place_id=50&locale=en-US, https://ebird.org/map/vercar1.
The Pyrrhuloxia/ Desert Cardinal (Cardinalis Sinuata) is 21 centimeters (8.3 inches) long and weighs 0.8-1.5 ounces (24-43 grams). This species is grayish-brown with a red crest, mask, and breast. C. Sinuata also has a stout yellow bill. Songs and calls: https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Pyrrhuloxia/sounds. This species can be found in desert scrub, mesquite thickets, and woodland edges. Range map: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?verifiable=true&taxon_id=9081&preferred_place_id=50&locale=en-US, https://ebird.org/map/pyrrhu.
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