Favoritos de davidfbird

Magnification of all photos: 1000× (oil immersion)
Habitat: planktonic matter from the edge of a large freshwater pond.
Using stage micrometer for calibration, cell body (excluding spines) estimated to be about 13 µm wide.

Video: https://youtu.be/BcbS5BWn6Ao

Sampling location: A water sample was collected from Srednerogatsky Pond near the shore, where the depth was about 20 cm.
Date and time of collection: September 21, 2024 at 10 AM
Date and time of observation: September 29, 2024 at 12 PM
The sample was stored in a sealed glass container at room temperature.

Parameters of the water on the day of the collection:
pH: 8.03
Conductivity: 540 µS cm–1
TDS: 272 ppm
ORP: 159 mV
Salt: 0.02%
S.G.: 1.000

All images and video are of several small colonies from a single sample.

Spongomonas intestinum (Cienkowski) Kent

Diagnosis of the organisms observed:

Unfortunately, cells are easily damaged by the increasing pressure of the coverslip. Under the immersion objective the cells are immediately damaged, rounding and losing their flagella. As a result, I could not clearly see the nuclei and contractile vacuoles in their normal state.

• The colonies are worm-shaped.
• Zooids in granulated yellowish-brownish gelatinous matrix. Granules diameter 1.5 - 3 μm.
• Cell length ~9 μm, colonies up to 50 um high. Cell shape obovate.
• Two anterior flagella, 20 - 30 μm in length. At least many flagella have a club-shaped thickening at the distal end.

References:

Bestimmung und Ökologie der Mikrosaprobien nach DIN 38410 (112, Fig. 37) by BERGER Helmut, FOISSNER Wilhelm, and KOHMANN Fritz (1997)

http://www.lenaturaliste.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=24520

https://www.mikroskopie-forum.de/index.php?topic=48023.0

http://protist.i.hosei.ac.jp/PDB/Images/Mastigophora/Spongomonas/index.html

https://www.algaebase.org/search/genus/detail/?genus_id=43664

A 32-celled colony

Colony size: 106 µm in diameter

Site of sample collection: Pavilion, North Pond, Katsurashima Ryokuchi (a freshwater habitat), Sendai, Japan

Date of sample collection: September 21st, 2024

Weather: Rainy

Water temp.: 22.3°C

pH 6.6

Date of observation: September 21st, 2024

Bright-field observation using a Wraymer microscope (model BX-3500TL, Osaka, Japan) equipped with a Floyd-2 HDMI ethernet digital camera (Wraymer, Osaka, Japan). The accuracy of the scale bar was confirmed by using a stage micrometer glass slide (1 div. = 10 µm; Wraymer, Osaka, Japan) at each magnification.

Magnification of all photos: 1000× (oil immersion)
Habitat: fine particulate matter attached to rocks in a stagnant part of the River des Peres.
Using stage micrometer for calibration, colony estimated to be about 33 µm wide.

Magnification of all photos: 1000× (oil immersion)
Habitat: planktonic algae from murky water in an artificial pond.
Many individuals present in sample (five pictured). Using stage micrometer for calibration, loricae estimated to be about 28 to 30 µm from tip to tip.

Video: https://youtu.be/nDWewxl65wI

Photos are snapshots of the same individual featured in the video

Cell size: Cell size: 221 µm in length (when fully extended, excluding the gelatinous matrix)

Site of sample collection: Pavilion, North Pond, Katsurashima Ryokuchi (a freshwater habitat), Sendai, Japan

Date of sample collection: September 21st, 2024

Weather: Rainy

Water temp.: 22.3°C

pH 6.6

Date of observation: September 22nd, 2024

Bright-field observation using a Wraymer microscope (model BX-3500TL, Osaka, Japan) equipped with a Floyd-2 HDMI ethernet digital camera (Wraymer, Osaka, Japan). The accuracy of the scale bar was confirmed by using a stage micrometer glass slide (1 div. = 10 µm; Wraymer, Osaka, Japan) at each magnification.

Cell size: 15 µm (excluding spines) x 7 µm

Site of sample collection: Pavilion, North Pond, Katsurashima Ryokuchi (a freshwater habitat), Sendai, Japan

Date of sample collection: September 21st, 2024

Weather: Rainy

Water temp.: 22.3°C

pH 6.6

Date of observation: September 22nd, 2024

Bright-field observation using a Wraymer microscope (model BX-3500TL, Osaka, Japan) equipped with a Floyd-2 HDMI ethernet digital camera (Wraymer, Osaka, Japan). The accuracy of the scale bar was confirmed by using a stage micrometer glass slide (1 div. = 10 µm; Wraymer, Osaka, Japan) at each magnification.

Each cell measures 4-5 µm in diameter

Site of sample collection: Pavilion, North Pond, Katsurashima Ryokuchi (a freshwater habitat), Sendai, Japan

Date of sample collection: September 21st, 2024

Weather: Rainy

Water temp.: 22.3°C

pH 6.6

Date of observation: September 21st, 2024

Bright-field observation using a Wraymer microscope (model BX-3500TL, Osaka, Japan) equipped with a Floyd-2 HDMI ethernet digital camera (Wraymer, Osaka, Japan). The accuracy of the scale bar was confirmed by using a stage micrometer glass slide (1 div. = 10 µm; Wraymer, Osaka, Japan) at each magnification.

Video: https://youtu.be/MX1MNth4B6Q

Photos are snapshots of the same individual featured in the video

Cell size: 105 µm in length

Site of sample collection: Pavilion, North Pond, Katsurashima Ryokuchi (a freshwater habitat), Sendai, Japan

Date of sample collection: September 21st, 2024

Weather: Rainy

Water temp.: 22.3°C

pH 6.6

Date of observation: September 21st, 2024

Bright-field observation using a Wraymer microscope (model BX-3500TL, Osaka, Japan) equipped with a Floyd-2 HDMI ethernet digital camera (Wraymer, Osaka, Japan). The accuracy of the scale bar was confirmed by using a stage micrometer glass slide (1 div. = 10 µm; Wraymer, Osaka, Japan) at each magnification.

McCune 40223. On Alnus rhombifolia bark. Excipular cortex distinct, thickened to base, POL+; epihymenium POL-, thin, dark brown from tips of paraphyses; parathecium brownish on sides of hymenium; spores 24-26 x 14-15 um, the endwalls slightly thickened; thallus UV+. Scale bar 1 mm unless otherwise given.

McCune 40222. On Alnus rhombifolia bark. Amphithecium P-, with large crystals; epithecium with superficial and minute crystals interspersed among tips of paraphyses; excipular cortex somewhat thickened to base. Scale bar 1 mm unless otherwise indicated.

McCune 40221. On bark of Alnus rhombifolia. Spores 8-9 x 5-6 um; epithecium lacking granules, POL- except for light glow, K-; hypothecium hyaline; exciple lacking algae, reduced, turned under, nearly hyaline, POL-. Thallus P-, UV+ weak. Scale bar 1 mm unless otherwise indicated.

A petalomonad flagellate from the benthos of the channel connecting estuary Napeague Bay with Fresh Pond. The salinity of the channel is 30 ppt. Imaged in Nomarski DIC on Olympus BH2 using SPlan 40 0.70 objective plus variable phone camera cropping on Samsung Galaxy S9+. The consensus is that this is a species of Notosolenus. Thanks to Alastair Simpson for confirming that this is Notosolenus ostium.

The cell measures 50 um in length. Originally I did think I was looking at N. ostium Larsen and Patterson 1990. The overall cell shape, size and prominent mouth or ostium are consistent with this as are the delicate ingestion organelle, the position and shape of the nucleus, and the two flagella- the anterior locomotive one as long as the cell and the shorter one only 0.2 times cell length which attaches to the substrate. What troubled me about this diagnosis is I can see no dorsal or ventral grooves. David Patterson feels that these may be less apparent in well-fed individuals (personal communication). Also, there seems to be a double row of round extrusomes adjacent to the delicate rods of the ingestion apparatus which is not described for this species or, I thought, for this genus.

But....thanks are due to Alastair Simpson for pointing out that my observation has extrusomes similar to those he and Won Je Lee 2014 demonstrated in Notosolenus urceolatus Larsen and Patterson, 1990: "a previously undocumented type of large, globular extrusome is present instead of the tubular extrusomes characteristic of Euglenozoa" (1). Lee and Simpson 2014 also noted " refractile granules lying between the left vestibule margin and the anterior of the cell, often along ridges" (3). However, N. urcelolatus differs from my observation in it's size: variously reported as 11–18.8 um (1) and 15-22 um (2) versus 50 um for this observation and 27-56 um for U. ostium (2).
Also, the posterior flagellum of N. urceolatus is reported as 3/4 cell length (3) or 0.2-0.5 um cell length (1) whereas this structure in my observation is 0.2 cell length and in N. ostium it is reported as 0.2-0.6 cell length.

Thus, based mainly on shape, notably in N. urceolatus the
anterior end formed a short narrow neck around the flagellar canal that was bent to the right (1), cell size, and to a lesser extent posterior flagellum length, I feel that my observation is more consistent with N. ostium. Alastair's kind communication regarding the globular extrusomes found in at least one Notosolenus species dispells my concerns at least about genus identification. I note that Lee and Simpson described other workers finding similar putative extrusome structures in two other Notosolenus species (1). I provide below original descriptions of both N. ostium and N. urceolatus.

" Notosolenus ostium Larsen and Patterson , 1990 Description. Cell outline elongate ovate, 27-56 um long, 15-24 mm wide, the ratio of length to width is 1.5 to 3.2. Dorso-ventrally flattened, dorsally with a median longitudinal groove, and ventrally a wide groove and four fine stripes. With a small obliquely oriented ingestion organelle with two fine rods near the anterior. The majority of the cells have a rounded posterior end but some cells have a slightly pointed posterior end. The reservoir is anteriorly situated in the right side of the cell and the nucleus in the left side. Two flagella of unequal length; the anterior flagellum is as long as the cell, held forward in gliding cells. The posterior flagellum is about 0.2-0.6 times the length of the cell. The organism contained eukaryotic algal material up to 8 mm long. Moves by smooth gliding with the anterior flagellum. Common in late culture. Description based on observations of 30 cells" (2).

"Remarks. Previously reported lengths of cells from marine sites (subtropical and tropical Australia, Brazil, Fiji, Hawaii and Panama) range from 24 to 40 mm (Larsen and Patterson, 1990; Ekebom et al., 1996; Patterson and Simpson, 1996 ). Our observations extend the size range. We observed two cells measuring 43 and 56 um which may be assignable to N. ostium. Notosolenus ostium is easily distinguished from other species of Notosolenus by its deep dorsal groove and visible ingestion organelle, which has not been seen in other species of the genus except N. triangularis Larsen and Patterson, 1990. Notosolenus ostium is similar to N. lagenos Skuja, 1948 in length and general appearance and in having a very short recurrent flagellum, but N. ostium can be distinguished by its wide grooves on both faces of the cell" (2).

"Notosolenus urceolatus Larsen and Patterson, 1990. Description. Cell pitcher-shaped, 15- 22µm long, 9- 14µm wide, anteriorly flagella emerge from short protrusion or neck which may or may not lie at a slight angle; posterior broadly obtuse. Ventrally with a shallow median groove and fine distant stripes, dorsally with three ridges. Reservoir in the right hand side of the cell, with refractile granules lying between its left margin and the anterior of the cell, often along ridges. Anterior flagellum slightly longer than the cell, posterior flagellum about 3/4 of the cell length. Nucleus in the left hand side of the cell. Found. Bowling Green Bay, Queensland; Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro.
Remarks. Notosolenus urceolatus is distinguished by the dorsal ridges which are rare in the genus. N. chelonides Skuja, 1939 has dorsal keels but they are much more conspicuous than in the present species. N. chelonides is twice as large as N. urceolatus.
N. esulcis also has dorsal grooves, but does not have the ventral groove and is more acute anteriorly" (3).

1. Morphological and Molecular Characterisation of Notosolenus urceolatus Larsen and Patterson 1990, a Member of an Understudied Deep-branching Euglenid Group (Petalomonads)
   Won Je Lee & Alastair G. B. Simpson. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 2014, 61, 463–479

2. Heterotrophic flagellates (Protista) from marine sediments of Botany Bay, Australia WON JE LEE and DAVID J. PATTERSON. Journal of Natural History, 2000, 34, 483-562

3. Some flagellates (Protista) from tropical marine sediments
   JACOB LARSEN and DAVID J. PATTERSON. J. Nat. Hist. 1990, 24, 801- 937.

Fox Hollow, Panther Mountain, Slide Mountain Wilderness, Catskill Forest Preserve, Ulster County, NY, USA
A sample of this lichen was collected under a special permit from the New York State DEC (Department of Environmental Conservation) and sent to the New York State Museum in Albany, NY. It was identified by NYS Botanist, Dr. James C. Lendemer as: Bacidia schweinitzii (Fr. ex E. Michener) A. Schneid.
and retained in the State Herbarium. Sample FHP-1055, catalogNumber NYSL0000189238

A World Map showing other known CNALH Sample locations, can be found here. Scroll into the map for closer range:
https://lichenportal.org/portal/collections/map/leafletmap.php?usethes=1&taxa=53151

The CNALH Home page for this lichen with descriptions and additional photos can be found here:
https://lichenportal.org/portal/taxa/index.php?taxon=53151&clid=1316