Cell biology terminology: Diploid vs Haploid (for animals)
Diploid
A cell that all chromosomes it contains are homologous chromosomes.
Haploid
Cells in the germ line, which go on to produce gametes, or egg and sperm cells are haploid, which means they contain a single set of chromosomes.
The total number of chromosomes in diploid cells is described as 2n, which is twice the number of chromosomes in a haploid cell.
Genetic variation is important
Haploid cells with chromosomes genetically different from each other can amplify the gene pool, and facilitate natural selections to biological fitness and survival of that species.
Number of possible unique haploid cells in human
2 Exp(22) = 4,194,304 ~ 4M
2 Exp(23) = 8,388,608 ~ 8M
i.e.
- ~ 4M unique haploid cells with X-sex-chromosome & 4M unique haploid cells with Y-sex-chromosome for male; whereas
- ~ 4M unique haploid cells for each female-sex-chromosome (4M + 4M) for female
The actual number of possible unique haploid cells maybe subject to certain constraints, such as evolution, social norms - preference or priority is always given to chromosomes inherited from father or mother, etc.
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